1. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на временную форму глагола. Выпишите сказуемое и укажите его время.

1. Firefighters rescued thousands of people in 2005.

2. When we arrived we saw that thick black smoke had poured out of the windows.

3. Colonel Popov will make a report on fire prevention measures at 11 a.m. tomorrow.

4. Carbon is a naturally abundant element present in wood and many plastics.

5. I have been to many fires since that day, both as a firefighter and an officer.

6. A pumper usually has a tank with capacities ranging from 300 gallons to 750 gallons.

7. Rescuers found only four alive people after the building had collapsed the day before.

8. Cadets were training from six till eight yesterday.

9. Computers are becoming more and more important in our lives.

2. Составьте 2 общих вопроса, 2 специальных вопроса и 2 отрицательных предложения к утверждениям из Задания 1.

3. Поставьте прилагательные, данные в скобках, в соответствующую степень сравнения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Cadet Petrov is (clever) in our group.

2. (Common) private fire protection is the portable fire extinguisher.

3. I heard (much) about this accident than you.

4. Temperatures produced by burning metals are (high) than temperatures generated by burning flammable liquids.

5. One of (bad) flood disasters happened in November 1970 in Bangladesh.

6. English grammar is (easy) than Russian grammar.

4. Переведите слова на русский язык и определите, к каким частям речи они относятся

1. detect – detector – detection

2. dense – density

3. require – requirement

4. transform – transformation – transformer

5. hazard – hazardous – hazardless

5. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The boy was to be in hospital for a week.

2. Combustible wall and floor covering can produce enough combustion gases through heat.

3. A boy fell into the river but fortunately we were able to rescue him.

4. People should respect the environment.

5. All officers in the UK must start their career in the rank of fireman.

6. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Подчеркните сказуемое в страдательном залоге.

1. Many houses were destroyed by the earthquake; most of them have been rebuilt and many new ones are being constructed now.

2. By whom was the law of preservation of matter discovered?

3. Time is measured in seconds, minutes and hours.

4. The law can be illustrated by many simple experiments.

5. Air must be let into the cylinder of the engine because no fuel will burn without air.

7. Перепишите предложения, выбрав причастие нужной формы. Укажите вид причастия. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The police are on the look-out for an (escaping, escaped) prisoner.

2. He believes in the power of the (speaking, spoken) word.

3. The floor was covered with (breaking, broken) glass.

8. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод герундия.

1. A thermometer is used for measuring temperature.

2. The man was arrested for robbing the bank.

3. The pores of unbaked clay are small enough to prevent bacteria from passing through.

4. The expansive force of water in freezing is enormous.

5. Scientists spent much time in trying to find this relationship.

9. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1. In order to get this book, you have to go to the library.

2. We study English to read books on our specialty.

3. She opened the door to look into the room.

4. The surface tension of water is strong enough to let a steel needle float on water.

5. The lecture to be followed by an experiment is to take place at our Institute.

6. Little or no oxygen is to be found there.

10. Прочитайте текст.

Fire Variables

We saw that fire is the result of a chemical reaction between two gases, typically oxygen and a fuel gas. The fuel gas is created by heat. In other words, with heat providing the necessary energy, atoms in one gaseous compound break their bonds with each other and recombine with available oxygen atoms in the air to form new compounds plus lots more heat.

The most flammable compounds contain carbon and hydrogen, which recombine with oxygen relatively easily to form carbon dioxide, water and other gases.

Different flammable fuels catch fire at different temperatures. It takes a certain amount of heat energy to change any particular material into a gas.

The fuel’s size also affects how easily it will catch fire. A larger fuel, such as a thick tree, can absorb a lot of heat, so it takes a lot more energy to raise any particular piece to the ignition temperature. A toothpick catches fire more easily because it heats up very quickly.

A fuel’s heat production depends on how much energy the gases release in the combustion reaction and how quickly the fuel burns. Both factors largely depend on the fuel’s composition. Some compounds react with oxygen in such a way that there is a lot of “extra heat energy” left over. Others emit a smaller amount of energy. Similarly, the fuel’s reaction with oxygen may happen very quickly, or it may happen more slowly.

The fuel’s shape also affects burning speed. Thin pieces of fuel burn more quickly than larger ones. For example, you could burn up a pile of wood splinters or paper much more quickly than you could a block of wood with the same mass, because splinters and paper have a much greater surface area.

A fire from a fast-burning fuel that produces a lot of heat will inflict a different sort of damage than a slow-burning, low-heat fire.

11. Найдите в тексте (задание № 10) и выпишите английские эквиваленты к данным словосочетаниям.

1. горючий газ

2. создавать

3. тепло

4. разрушать (молекулярные) связи

5. свободные атомы кислорода

6. легковоспламеняющиеся соединения

7. вновь соединяться с кислородом

8. углекислый газ

9. определенное количество тепловой энергии

10. загораться

11. влиять

12. поглощать большое количество тепла

13. температура воспламенения

14. состав топлива

15. скорость горения

12. Закончите предложения, выбрав подходящее слово. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

oxygen         fuel              heat             reaction       energy

1. The _____ between oxygen and fuel can occur quickly or it can occur slowly.

2. Some compounds emit a lot of heat _____.

3. The most hydrocarbons recombine with _____ to form carbon dioxide, water and other gases.

4. Size and shape of the _____ affect burning speed.

5. Large fuel can absorb a lot of _____, so it takes more energy to raise any particular piece to the ignition point.

13. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту из задания №10.

1. What elements do most flammable substances contain?

2. How does fuel’s composition affect burning speed?

3. What catches fire more easily, a thick tree or a toothpick?

4. What does a fuel’s heat production depend on?

5. What fuel’s characteristics affect burning speed?

14. Переведите предложения на английский язык, пользуясь лексикой текста (задание №10).

1. Для превращения любого вещества в газ требуется определенное количество тепловой энергии.

2. Разные горючие вещества загораются при разных температурах.

3. Химический состав топлиа влияет на то, как быстро оно загорится.

4. Некоторые соединения реагируют с кислородом с выделением большого количества тепла.

5. Если есть необходимое количество тепловой энергии, то атомы газообразного топлива вновь соединяются со свободными атомами кислорода.

15. Прочитайте текст и составьте реферат на английском языке, опираясь на следующий план:

1. Название статьи, автор.

The title of the article is …– Заголовок статьи…

The article under discussion is … – Статья, которую мне сейчас хочется обсудить ...

The author of the article is … – Автор статьи …

It is written by … – Она написана …

2. Тема, логические части.

The topic of the article is … – Тема статьи …

The article under discussion is devoted to the problem … – Статью, которую мы обсуждаем, посвящена проблеме …

The author in the article touches upon the problem of … – В статье автор затрагивает проблему ...

The article under discussion may be divided into several logically connected parts which are … – Статья может быть разделена на несколько логически взаимосвязанных частей, таких как …

3. Краткое содержание.

At the beginning of the story the author describes … - В начале истории автор описывает … (depicts – изображает, touches upon – затрагивает, explains – объясняет, introduces – знакомит, mentions – упоминает, recalls – вспоминает,

makes a few critical remarks on – делает несколько критических замечаний о …)

The story begins (opens) with a description of … – История начинается с описания … (statement – заявления, introduction of – представления, the mention of – упоминания, the analysis of a summary of – краткого анализа, the characterization of – характеристики)

The scene is laid in … – Действие происходит в …

In conclusion the author dwells on … – В заключении автор останавливается на … (points out – указывает на то, generalizes – обобщает, reveals – показывает, accuses/blames – обвиняет, gives a summary of – дает обзор).

4. Отношение автора к отдельным моментам.

The author gives full coverage to … – Автор полностью охватывает …

The author asserts that … – Автор утверждает, что …

The author resorts to … to underline … – Автор прибегает к …, чтобы …

Let me give an example… – Позвольте мне привести пример …

5. Ваш вывод.

The message of the article is that …/ The main idea of the article is … – Основная идея статьи (послание автора)…

In conclusion I’d like to … – В заключение я хотел бы …

My own attitude to this article is … – Мое личное отношение к этой статье...

I fully agree with / I don’t agree with – Я полностью согласен с / Я не согласен с …

I have found the article dull / important / interesting /of great value – Я нахожу статью скучной / важной / интересной / имеющей большое значение (ценность)

It is easy to be wise after the event

As the department's training officer I served as the safety officer on all major incidents. One afternoon while working in my office at our suppression headquarters station, I heard Engine 4 dispatched to a vegetation fire. Engine 4 arrived on the scene to report approximately one acre involved, with the fire rapidly spreading. They requested two additional engines. The paramedics I was working with decided to drive down the street to observe, as we were on the opposite side of the involved area, I decided to ride with them. I did not plan on this being a major incident and did not take any protective clothing with me.

As we approached the area across from the fire, we noticed that the fire had spread across the ravine and was now threatening homes and utility services. An engine company had laid lines, and one firefighter was attempting to put a 2-inch line into service to protect the exposures. The incident commander was calling for two strike teams. The paramedics were given an assignment to help extend lines to the right flank. I jumped in to assist with the exposure line. My protective equipment consisted of slacks, a shirt, a tie, and shoes. Within minutes we were exposed to heat and smoke thick enough to cause difficult breathing. Through the smoke an engineer brought me his turnout coat and helmet. He later gave me his turnout boots and stood at the pump panel in stockinged feet.

Not only was I completely ineffective as a safety officer, I was a safety hazard myself! By not having my protective gear, I created a safety hazard for myself and took away safety gear from another firefighter. The few minutes it would have taken for me to grab my gear would have been more than worthwhile. Our protective clothing is as essential to us as a scalpel is to a surgeon. The lesson I learned was never to respond to an incident without my safety gear and never to enter the hazard environment without it.

Fortunately, no one was injured and the fire was extinguished with no loss of structures.

Street Story by Randy Scherer, Battalion Chief, Newport Beach Fire Department, Newport Beach, California

safety officer – офицер обеспечения безопасности людей

suppression headquarters station – управление пожарной охраны

vegetation fire – горение растительности

utility services – сооружения коммунальных служб

exposure – объект, подвергающийся действию факторов пожара, происходящего поблизости

strike team – ударная команда

jumped in to assist – вызвался помочь

turnout coat – боевка (куртка)

protective clothing – защитная одежда