1. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на временную форму глагола. Выпишите сказуемое и укажите его время.

1. Dry powders are very effective on Class D fires.

2. They will have much work to do next week.

3. Our cadets have already come back from their holidays.

4. The rescuers had performed their operation by 18 p.m. yesterday.

5. Every year a lot of fires occur because of people.

6. The fire gave humans the first form of portable light and heat.

7. Mr. Smith is looking for a job of a crew chief these days.

8. We were having our marching drills the whole morning yesterday.

9. Great fires in Europe hastened the development of the fire engine.

2. Составьте 2 общих вопроса, 2 специальных вопроса и 2 отрицательных предложения к утверждениям из Задания 1.

3. Поставьте прилагательные, данные в скобках, в соответствующую степень сравнения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Which is (effective) extinguishing agent to put out flammable liquids?

2. That fire was (bad) the firefighters ever faced.

3. (Many) and (many) natural disasters occur every year.

4. Our educational institution is one of the (old) in the city.

5. Gases which are (heavy) than air can be used to blanket fire.

6. Fires travelling (slow) uphill are an exception to the rule.

4. Переведите слова на русский язык и определите, к каким частям речи они относятся. Укажите словообразующий суффикс или префикс.

1. combustion –combustible – сombustibility

2. gas – gaseous

3. protect – protection– protective

4. proper – improper – properly

5. harm – harmful – harmless

5. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. He is to make a report on Friday.

2. The informed fire officer, his control of the situation can have a calming effect on people.

3. The will be able to finish this work in a couple of days.

4. Care should be taken in the laboratory not to inhale hydrogen sulphide.

5. The fire brigade must arrive at the place of fire very quickly.

6. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Подчеркните сказуемое в страдательном залоге.

1. His speech was listened to very attentively.

2. I was told that the meeting had been attended by the general.

3. Are the new inventions that our scientists are working at used in our industry?

4. Mass is measured in grams or kilograms.

5. Drums containing petrol must not be left open.

7. Перепишите предложения, выбрав причастие нужной формы. Укажите вид причастия. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The monument (designing, designed) by Wren is 202 feet  high.

2. A (falling, fallen) piece of paper comes to the ground less quickly than a piece of wood.

3. The children came in (pushing, pushed) each other.

8. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод герундия.

1. A protractor is used for measuring angles.

2. He does not show any interest in studying law.

3. The motor kept on rotating owing to its inertia.

4. Heating copper wire from 0 to 100^оC increases its resistance about 40%.

5. Catalysts aid in accelerating reactions.

9. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1. The surface tension of water is strong enough to let a steel needle float on water.

2. He is the man to rely upon.

3. Pressure causes ice to melt.

4. To explain this simple fact is not very easy.

5. Metallic sodium is a white metal soft enough to be easily cut with a knife.

6. Mention is to be made of the high boiling point of this liquid.

10. Прочитайте текст.

Fire Extinguishing Theory

The extinguishment of fires is based on an interruption of one or more fire ingredients. With flaming combustion the fire may be extinguished by reducing temperature, eliminating fuel or oxygen, or by stopping the uninhibited chemical chain reaction. If a fire is in the smoldering phase, only three extinguishment options exist: reduction of temperature, elimination of fuel, or oxygen.

One of the most common methods of extinguishment by cooling is dependent on cooling the fuel to a point where it doesn’t produce sufficient vapor to burn. Solid fuels and liquid fuels with high flash points can be extinguished by cooling. Low flash point liquids and flammable gases cannot be extinguished by cooling with water as vapor production cannot be sufficiently reduced.

Reduction of temperature is dependent on the application of an adequate flow in proper form to establish a negative heat balance.

In some cases, a fire is effectively extinguished by removing the fuel source. This may be done by stopping the flow of liquid or gaseous fuel or by removing solid fuel in the path of the fire. Another method of fuel removal is to allow the fire to burn until all fuel is consumed.

The method of extinguishment by oxygen dilution is the reduction of the oxygen concentration in the fire area. This can be accomplished by introducing an inert gas into the fire or by separating the oxygen from the fuel. This method of extinguishment will not work on self-oxidizing materials or on certain metals as they are oxidized by carbon dioxide or nitrogen, the two most common extinguishing agents.

11. Найдите в тексте (задание № 10) и выпишите английские эквиваленты к данным словосочетаниям.

1. тушение пожаров

2. пламенное горение

3. устранение горючего вещества или кислорода

4. непрерывная цепная реакция

5. фаза тления

6. уменьшение температуры

7. твердое горючее вещество

8. высокая температура вспышки

9. легковоспламеняющиеся газы

10. отрицательный тепловой баланс

11. удаление источника топлива

12. уменьшение концентрации кислорода

13. введение инертного газа

14. самоокисляющиеся вещества

15. огнетушащие средства

12. Закончите предложения, выбрав подходящее слово. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

cooling        removing     diluting        reducing      smoldering

1. Sometimes, a fire is effectively extinguished by _____ the fuel source.

2. A nozzle is used with a hose to _____ a fire spray of water.

3. _____ of temperature is one of the firefighting options in flaming combustion.

4. Last stage of a burning process is a _____ phase.

5. _____ is the reduction of the oxygen concentration in the fire area.

13. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту из задания №10.

1. What is the extinguishment of fire based on?

2. How can you put out the fire with flaming combustion?

3. What is the most common method of extinguishment?

4. Why can’t you use water on low flash point liquids and flammable gases?

5. What does the method of extinguishment by oxygen dilution mean?

14. Переведите предложения на английский язык, пользуясь лексикой текста (задание №10).

1. На стадии тления существует три возможности остановить пожар: уменьшение температуры, устранение горючего вещества или кислорода.

2. Введение инертных газов в область пожара уменьшает концентрацию кислорода.

3. Горючие вещества с высокой температурой вспышки можно тушить методом охлаждени.

4. В случае пламенного горения одним из способов тушения является прерывание цепной химической реакции.

5. Самым распространенным огнетушащим средством является вода.

15. Прочитайте текст и составьте реферат на английском языке, опираясь на следующий план:

1. Название статьи, автор.

The title of the article is …– Заголовок статьи…

The article under discussion is … – Статья, которую мне сейчас хочется обсудить ...

The author of the article is … – Автор статьи …

It is written by … – Она написана …

2. Тема, логические части.

The topic of the article is … – Тема статьи …

The article under discussion is devoted to the problem … – Статью, которую мы обсуждаем, посвящена проблеме …

The author in the article touches upon the problem of … – В статье автор затрагивает проблему ...

The article under discussion may be divided into several logically connected parts which are … – Статья может быть разделена на несколько логически взаимосвязанных частей, таких как …

3. Краткое содержание.

At the beginning of the story the author describes … - В начале истории автор описывает … (depicts – изображает, touches upon – затрагивает, explains – объясняет, introduces – знакомит, mentions – упоминает, recalls – вспоминает,

makes a few critical remarks on – делает несколько критических замечаний о …)

The story begins (opens) with a description of … – История начинается с описания … (statement – заявления, introduction of – представления, the mention of – упоминания, the analysis of a summary of – краткого анализа, the characterization of – характеристики)

The scene is laid in … – Действие происходит в …

In conclusion the author dwells on … – В заключении автор останавливается на … (points out – указывает на то, generalizes – обобщает, reveals – показывает, accuses/blames – обвиняет, gives a summary of – дает обзор).

4. Отношение автора к отдельным моментам.

The author gives full coverage to … – Автор полностью охватывает …

The author asserts that … – Автор утверждает, что …

The author resorts to … to underline … – Автор прибегает к …, чтобы …

Let me give an example… – Позвольте мне привести пример …

5. Ваш вывод.

The message of the article is that …/ The main idea of the article is … – Основная идея статьи (послание автора)…

In conclusion I’d like to … – В заключение я хотел бы …

My own attitude to this article is … – Мое личное отношение к этой статье...

I fully agree with / I don’t agree with – Я полностью согласен с / Я не согласен с …

I have found the article dull / important / interesting /of great value – Я нахожу статью скучной / важной / интересной / имеющей большое значение (ценность)

Lack of teamwork and proper training may have bad ending

It was the start of what we call a normal day on the job, until later in the morning when an alarm for a chemical leak inside a beverage warehouse was sounded. The dispatch consisted of what we call a HAZMAT box: four engine companies, one truck company, a rescue squad, basic life support unit, HAZMAT company, and command officer. I was working at the HAZMAT company that day.

Upon our arrival, the warehouse had been evacuated and a strong odor of ammonia had already consumed the entire area surrounding the warehouse. Three hazardous materials technicians and myself entered the release area to shut off the valve to the leaking pipe. After locating the release area we located the valve and made an attempt to close the valve. While closing the valve a sudden release of gaseous and liquid ammonia covered the personnel working at and around the valve. Visibility was taken from us almost instantaneously because of the gaseous release and communications were lost between all four technicians. I was able to find my way out and noticed that my personnel were still inside the release area. Prior to making another entry to locate my personnel, I noticed a white smoke coming from my chemical boots.

After further investigation I realized that the oil-based paint from the concrete floor was causing a chemical reaction under the soles of my boots. I reentered the release area, located my personnel, and immediately withdrew from the release area to the decontamination area. Once we were refreshed, a second entry attempt was made into the release area, where we were able to locate another sectional valve and stop the leak.

Prior to leaving the scene we finally determined that prior to our arrival a firefighter had entered the release area and closed the valve without notifying command and/or hazardous materials personnel. When hazardous materials personnel entered the release area thinking that the valve was not closed, they actually reopened it, which caused the valve to freeze in the open position. No personnel were injured or exposed to the ammonia, but the incident proved to be very dangerous as a result of personnel freelancing and the lack of training present at an emergency scene.

Street Story by Gregory L. Socks, Washington County Special Operations Coordinator, Hagerstown, Maryland

beverage warehouse – склад с напитками

chemical leak – утечка химических веществ

dispatch – отправка пожарной команды по особому сигналу пожарной тревоги

HAZMAT – наряд первой очереди для борьбы с опасными материалами

release area – место утечки

valve – вентиль, задвижка, кран