1. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на временную форму глагола. Выпишите сказуемое и укажите его время.

1. Foam is one of the best extinguishing agents.

2. We had much work to do last week.

3. Our cadets will go on a holiday in 4 weeks.

4. I have studied English since 1998.

5. Fire investigators tried to find out what had caused the fire in the warehouse the day before.

6. That time people were living in villages near the coast.

7. Weather plays a major role in birth, growth and death of a wildfire.

8. The fire is still producing a lot of heat.

9. The Romans worshiped fire and respected its impact.

2. Составьте 2 общих вопроса, 2 специальных вопроса и 2 отрицательных предложения к утверждениям из Задания 1.

3. Поставьте прилагательные, данные в скобках, в соответствующую степень сравнения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Which is (cheap) and (available) extinguishing agent?

2. The firefighting system is (good) nowadays than it was fifty years ago.

3. (Flammable) compounds contain carbon and hydrogen.

4. Some gases emit (small) amount of energy than others.

5. It is (easy) to prevent a fire than to put it out.

6. I think I am (little) trained than my friend.

4. Переведите слова на русский язык и определите, к каким частям речи они относятся. Укажите словообразующий суффикс или префикс.

1. solid – solidity – solidify

2. ignite – ignition – ignitability

3. extinguish – extinguishing – extinguishment

4. proper – properly – improperly

5. flame – flammable – flameless

5. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните модальные глаголы или их эквиваленты. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The cadets are to take five exams in January.

2. Any fire can burn very quickly if there is much oxygen in it.

3. The fire spread through the building quickly but everybody was able to escape.

4. The method described above is the most accurate and should be followed when greatest possible accuracy is desired.

5. For combustion we must have 3 factors: heat, oxygen and combustible substance.

6. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Подчеркните сказуемое в страдательном залоге. 

1. You will be spoken to later.

2. The lecture was followed by an interesting discussion.

3. Were many inventions which are now used every day made last century?

4. Distance is usually measured in millimeters, centimeters, meters or kilometers.

5. The photoelectric effect was discovered by Heinrich Hertz in 1887.

7. Перепишите предложения, выбрав причастие нужной формы. Укажите вид причастия. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 

1. (Destroying, destroyed) by the Fire, St Paul’s was rebuilt in 1675 – 1710.

2. (Knowing, known) all the figures very well, he could answer our questions.

3. The fire (putting out, put out) in 4 days made many people homeless.

8. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод герундия.

1. A ruler is used for measuring dimensions.

2. Will you help me instead of giving advice?

3. We cannot keep dividing matter without reaching the stage when further subdivision is impossible.

4. Mercury has the property unusual for a metal, of being a liquid at room temperature.

5. Avoid mixing these two substances.

9. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива.

1. To explain this simple fact is not so very easy.

2. The text to be translated is on the table.

3. We knew him to be busy.

4. The procedure to be followed depends upon the substance being tested.

5. To give a true picture of the surrounding matter is the task of natural science.

6. In order to understand the procedure, consider the following analogy.

10. Прочитайте текст.

Ventilation

Ventilation is a vital part of firefighting. Ventilation is the planned release of smoke and gases from a confined area. You must remember that the release of these gases can also aid in the rescue of trapped victims. Ventilation creates a safer environment and allows the rescuer to quickly search the area.

The proper release of smoke and gases can also reduce structural damage. It reduces the potential for a backdraft, as well as the effects of mushrooming. Ventilation makes firefighting easier, and helps to confine the spread of the fire itself. Two types of ventilation used by firefighters are natural venting and forced (mechanical) venting. Both types permit the vertical and horizontal movement of smoke and gas from a fire building.

Natural vertical ventilation is generally performed on the roof of the building on fire by making an opening. This allows the heat and smoke to travel up and out of the fire building. Opening windows in the fire area is an example of natural horizontal ventilation. This allows the heat and smoke to travel out of the windows.

Mechanical ventilation takes place when mechanical devices, such as smoke ejectors or hoses with nozzles, are used to remove heated gases from the area. A smoke ejector might be used in a cellar fire when smoke has traveled to the far end of the cellar, creating a heavy smoke condition that cannot be removed naturally. The smoke ejector would be brought into the area to draw the smoke out of the cellar. A nozzle is used with a hose to create a fine spray of water. When directed towards an open window, the water spray pushes smoke and heated gases out of the window.

11. Найдите в тексте (задание № 10) и выпишите английские эквиваленты к данным словосочетаниям.

1. ограниченное пространство

2. удаление дыма и газов

3. спасение людей из завалов

4. уменьшить повреждение конструкций

5. обратная тяга

6. ограничить распространение огня

7. естественная вентиляция

8. механическая вентиляция

9. горящее здание

10. происходить

11. пожарные рукава с насадками

12. пожар в подвале

13. условия сильного задымления

14. удалить

15. мелкораспыленная струя воды

12. Закончите предложения, выбрав подходящее слово. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

confine        remove        release         rescue          create

1. The main aim of ventilation is to _____ smoke and gases from a fire.

2. A nozzle is used with a hose to _____ a fire spray of water.

3. In a heavy smoke condition it is impossible to _____ gases naturally.

4. Ventilation can also help to _____ victims quickly while searching the area.

5. Ventilation helps to _____ spread of the fire.

13. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту из задания №10.

1. What are some advantages of ventilating a burning structure?

2. What are the two types of ventilation used by firefighters?

3. Where is natural vertical ventilation generally performed?

4. What is an example of natural horizontal ventilation?

5. When does mechanical ventilation take place?

14. Переведите предложения на английский язык, пользуясь лексикой текста (задание №10).

1. Вентиляция – это удаление дыма и газов из ограниченного пространства в горящем здании.

2. Правильная вентиляция уменьшает возможность возникновения обратной тяги.

3. Пожарные применяют вентиляцию двух видов: естественную и механическую.

4. В случае механической вентиляции пожарные используют такие меанические приспособления как дымосос или подарный рукав с насадками.

5. Вентиляция облегчает поиск и спасение людей из завалов.

15. Прочитайте текст и составьте реферат на английском языке, опираясь на следующий план:

1. Название статьи, автор.

The title of the article is …– Заголовок статьи…

The article under discussion is … – Статья, которую мне сейчас хочется обсудить ...

The author of the article is … – Автор статьи …

It is written by … – Она написана …

2. Тема, логические части.

The topic of the article is … – Тема статьи …

The article under discussion is devoted to the problem … – Статью, которую мы обсуждаем, посвящена проблеме …

The author in the article touches upon the problem of … – В статье автор затрагивает проблему ...

The article under discussion may be divided into several logically connected parts which are … – Статья может быть разделена на несколько логически взаимосвязанных частей, таких как …

3. Краткое содержание.

At the beginning of the story the author describes … - В начале истории автор описывает … (depicts – изображает, touches upon – затрагивает, explains – объясняет, introduces – знакомит, mentions – упоминает, recalls – вспоминает,

makes a few critical remarks on – делает несколько критических замечаний о …)

The story begins (opens) with a description of … – История начинается с описания … (statement – заявления, introduction of – представления, the mention of – упоминания, the analysis of a summary of – краткого анализа, the characterization of – характеристики)

The scene is laid in … – Действие происходит в …

In conclusion the author dwells on … – В заключении автор останавливается на … (points out – указывает на то, generalizes – обобщает, reveals – показывает, accuses/blames – обвиняет, gives a summary of – дает обзор).

4. Отношение автора к отдельным моментам.

The author gives full coverage to … – Автор полностью охватывает …

The author asserts that … – Автор утверждает, что …

The author resorts to … to underline … – Автор прибегает к …, чтобы …

Let me give an example… – Позвольте мне привести пример …

5. Ваш вывод.

The message of the article is that …/ The main idea of the article is … – Основная идея статьи (послание автора)…

In conclusion I’d like to … – В заключение я хотел бы …

My own attitude to this article is … – Мое личное отношение к этой статье...

I fully agree with / I don’t agree with – Я полностью согласен с / Я не согласен с …

I have found the article dull / important / interesting /of great value – Я нахожу статью скучной / важной / интересной / имеющей большое значение (ценность)

Extrication rescue operation

Webster’s definition of rescue is "to free or save from danger." This definition aptly describes the core mission of the fire service. To fulfill our goals, we may be called on to save lives in many different ways. For saving lives, rescue situations are the most dramatic, and varied. Scenarios may range from a burning building to swift water. An extrication call in the fall of 1995 was the most dramatic call I have yet responded to. Prior to this call I had responded to more than 100 car accidents and never been faced with such a difficult task. This extrication involved two cars and a minivan on a bridge.

The van was severely damaged and partially over the bridge. Although the van was not ready to go over the edge, this location did cause problems by increasing time involved with stabilization efforts. The patient was in serious condition with injuries to the head, arms, legs, ankles, and feet. The driver door, the engine, and the dash were intruding into the passenger compartment. These problems were bad enough, but in addition the patient’s right foot was pinned by the brake pedal and literally stamped into the sheet metal of the floorboard.

The damage to the van required an extensive amount of work just to gain access to the patient. We removed the passenger side of the van, the door, and the top completely. We resorted to many tools to free the patient’s foot. Only one person could work from the inside at a time. Progress was painstakingly slow due to the lack of room and the metal literally being wrapped around the patient’s foot. We experienced difficulty removing the metal while ensuring our patient’s safety. EMS provided care from the onset and fortunately the patient remained stable throughout the extrication and later during surgery. Ultimately we used a spreader, cutter, sawzall, rams, air chisel, razor blade, knife, and other tools for the extrication.

On this call we had three fire departments, two ground ambulances, and a medical helicopter assisting us. Despite all of these resources and expertise we did not complete our objectives within the time that we should have. This call impressed on me the importance of knowing a wide variety of techniques and the limits and abilities of your tools. The basics cannot be stressed or mastered well enough. We must be dedicated to constantly improving our knowledge, skills, and abilities to meet the challenges that lie ahead.

Street Story by Michael Ramsey, Fire Chief

core mission – ключевая, основная задача

extrication call – выезд на высвобождение жертв, попавших в беду

dash – щиток, приборная панель

brake – педаль тормоза

EMS – экстренная медицинская помощь

spreader – расширитель, распора

sawzall – пила

ram – домкрат

air chisel – пневматическое зубило

techniques – технические приемы