ВАРИАНТ 1

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, принимая во внимание, что субъектный и объектный инфинитивный обороты большей частью соответствуют придаточным предложениям (см. образец выполнения № 1).

1. He is believed to be of different opinion on this question.

2. Our teacher hates us to be late.

3. The members of the committee were expected to come to an agreement.

4. He ordered the documents to be checked carefully.

5. He ordered the secretary to check the documents carefully. 

6. The river is believed to be suitable for navigation.   

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения, учитывая различия в переводе зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов.

1. At last the excitement died down, the captain having assured the passengers, that there was no longer the slightest danger.

2. Having introduced the new words, the teacher asked one of the students to read them.

3. The key having been lost, they could not enter the cottage.

III.Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия.

1. Should he fail his examination he will be allowed to try again in a month.

2. Had we come to the station a minute earlier we should not have  missed the train.

 3. You could stay in my place provided you promise to leave no mess.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык  текст.

THE ATTACK ON BRITAIN’S ENVIRONMENT

Most of the western nations have the same basic environmental problems, but they take different forms in each country. Here you can read about some of the dangers facing Britain’s environments.

One of Britain’s environmental successes has been the control of air pollution, especially in London. Thirty years ago hundreds of people died every year from the dreadful London smogs. Since then London and many other cities have become smokeless zones, areas where no coal fires are allowed. But now the increase in traffic is threatening serious air pollution in our cities again.

However, the commonest air pollution comes from the cigarette smoke which pollutes many public places, like cinemas, pubs and restaurants. Though cigarette advertisements are not allowed  on TV or radio, you can still see them on posters in cinemas and in newspapers and magazines. The advertisements don’t tell you that doctors believe cigarettes cause 30.000 deaths in Britain every year.

Traffic and aircraft can cause serious noise pollution. Air-crafts are very noisy when they take off and the noise spreads over a wide area. Heathrow airport, near London, is the busiest airport in the world. Planes are only allowed to take off and land at Heathrow between six in the morning and eleven at night, but during the day fifty planes take off and land there every hour. 

ВАРИАНТ 2

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, принимая во внимание, что субъектный и объектный инфинитивные обороты большей частью соответствуют придаточным предложениям (см. образец выполнения № 1).

1. This problem proved to be very difficult.

2. The meeting is unlikely to be postponed.

3. The buyers asked the sellers to reduce the price.

4. The representative of the firm asked the manager to send the documents by airmail.

5. We know them to be experienced enough to perform the work.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, учитывая различия в переводе зависимых и независимых причастных оборотов.

 1. The play being very popular, it was very difficult to get tickets.

 2. Having been achieved the success did not prevent the poet from working hard and developing his talent.

3. There being no further business, the meeting adjourned.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия.

1. If he runs all the way he will get there in time.

2. If anyone should ring up say that I’ll be back soon.

3. But for your help I should not have been able to finish my work by Saturday.

4. If you study hard, you will pass your exams well.

5. My report would be ready tomorrow  provided I had all the necessary material.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык текст.

THE ATTACK ON BRITAIN’S ENVIRONMENT

There has been bad pollution of Britain’s rivers, and the government has tried hard to stop it. There are now strict laws against water pollution, though it still quite often happens incidentally. Britain and France share the problem of oil pollution from the Channel. This has caused great damage to beaches and wildlife.

The need for new roads causes great environmental difficulties. They often spoil the countryside and bring noise and pollution to thousands of homes. Since 1958 the pollution of Britain has increased by 11% but the number of cars increased by 400%.

There are now only about thirty meters of road for each car in Britain, so we’ll have to build more expensive motorways which damage the environment.

Cars cause other problems too: thousands of people die in car accidents; car parks use valuable space in towns and cities; cars use a lot of our limited amount of oil. Unfortunately, it’s difficult to do anything about all this because cars play an important part in the lives of many families, and the car industry employs large numbers of people.

Friends of the Earth suggest that the bicycle is the best way to travel because it is cheap, quiet and riding keeps you healthy. However, there are far fewer cyclists in Britain than in some other European countries, so our roads are not built for cycling. It can be dangerous to cycle in large cities as British motorists don’t seem to notice cyclists. Some people think that only buses and bicycles should be allowed in our centers.

ВАРИАНТ 3

I. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, принимая во внимание, что субъектный и объектный инфинитивные обороты переводятся на русский язык большей частью придаточными предложениями (см. образец выполнения 1).

1. We asked our partners to be informed of the arrival of the cargo.

2. He ordered the goods to be sold immediately.

3. Many buildings were reported to have been damaged by the fire.

4. The telegram was not likely to reach them in time.

5. The negotiations are said to have been completed already.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, учитывая различия в переводе зависимых и независимых причастных оборотов.

1. Having taken the examinations, he went to his native town.

2. All the students having finished the translation in time, we could check it in class.

3. Having achieved the necessary results, we decided to describe them in our article.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык сложные предложения,    содержащие придаточные предложения условия.

1. If you annoy the cat she will scratch you.

2. But for the storm we should  have arrived in time.

3. Unless it stops raining we shall not be able to go to the country.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский язык.   

MAN AND THE BIOSPHERE

Interrelations between man and biosphere are of a fairly complex nature. Man, like any other living organism, depends for his life on what the biosphere provides: water, oxygen, food and shelter. On the other hand, the biosphere is strongly effected by all sorts of human activity.

Technology powerfully amplifies the effects human beings on the atmosphere. Prehistoric man withdrew from the atmosphere only the oxygen he required for respiration; technological man consumes a far greater amount of oxygen to support fires, power plants and chemical processes. The carbon dioxide produced by technological processes in the biosphere substances wholly new to it; man-made radioisotopes and a wide variety of synthetic materials such as plastics, insecticides, herbicides and numerous industrial materials. These, too, also alter the biosphere.

The problem has already been discussed at a large number of conferences, some of them sponsored by the UN. However, relatively little has so far been done to check environmental pollution. 

ВАРИАНТ 4

I. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, принимая во внимание, что субъектный и объектный инфинитивные обороты переводятся на русский язык большей частью придаточными предложениями ( см. образец выполнения 1).

1. I never heard him speak French.

2. Approximately 500.000 steel workers were reported to have gone on strike in the United States on October 1.

3. The plan likely to be approved seems to provide for the immediate construction of a new power station.

4. The delegation is expected to arrive to-morrow.

5. She saw him come into the house and went downstairs to meet him.

II. Перепишите  и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, учитывая различия в переводе зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов.

1. The letter having been delayed, the news reached us too late.

2. The negotiations between the American and British representatives were conducted behind   closed doors, measures having been taken that no correspondent should receive any information.

3. Having been warned that the river was rising rapidly, they turned back.         

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык сложные предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия.

1. If we had a car we would get there quite quickly.

2. If you started working right away you could finish by noon.

3. Had you invited him earlier he would have come to your birthday party.

IV. Перепишите и переведите текст на русский язык.

TWO COURSES OF ACTION 

The problem of the environmental crisis has recently assumed global proportions. Both scientists and politicians agree that unless some radical steps are taken before long, life on our planet may be irrevocably damaged if not destroyed altogether. It seems therefore worthwhile to consider the fundamental conflict which underlies the surface manifestations of the present crisis. For there undoubtedly exists a conflict, an incompatibility between the tenets of an industrial society and those of ecology.

Industry is bound to expand continuously, all ecological systems tend toward stability and equilibrium. There seems to be at least two general courses of action which may be adopted in order that the environmental doom may be averted.

One would be to curb the dynamics of industrial development; the other - to turn technology to the construction of physiologically and socially healthy environment. The former possibility being highly unrealistic, the latter one seems to be the only path to follow.

ВАРИАНТ 5

I. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, принимая во внимание, что субъектный и объектный инфинитивные обороты переводятся на русский язык большей частью придаточными предложениями (см. образец выполнения 1).     

1. We don’t want  him to be interrupted.

2. I have never seen him swim, but I have heard that he swims very well.

3. These agreement is likely to be concluded in near future.

4. He appears to be satisfied with the results of his work.

5. The documents are expected to be signed this week.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, учитывая различия в переводе зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов.

1. Having returned from the expedition, he made a very interesting report.

2. The conversation was interesting, many designers taking part in it.

3. Having nеver done such kind of work, he did not know what to begin with.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные  предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия.

1. If Tom were here  I could ask him to help us.

2. If I were you I should plant potatoes here.

3. He would have drowned if he had fallen through the ice.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст на русский язык.

NATURAL INDICATORS OF POLLUTION

Scientists dealing with the problem of pollution consider it very important that it should be exactly assessed. A large number of fairly sophisticated pollution gauges have been devised to serve this purpose. In addition, it has recently been found out that there are a number of natural gauges whose performance by far exceeds anything that has so far been made by man. They are plants as lichens and bryophytes which are exceptionally sensitive to certain components of air pollution. Ideally such “indicators” species should be widespread, easy to recognize, and between them show a wide range of sensibility so that the rate of fall-off pollution could be easily assessed. The sensitivity of certain plants to pollution components may also be of value to individual persons contemplating the possibility of settling down in an area. It is known, for example, that lichens are exceptionally to sulphur dioxide content in the air. It follows that people suffering from a variety of respiratory diseases would do well to live in an area where lichens are abundant on the trees.