VARIANT 1

Задание 1. Почитайте и переведите текст. Составьте 5 вопросов по тексту

Parts of a computer

Most computers consist of an electronic central processing unit (CPU) to which are attached different input devices, output devices, and storage devices. The main parts of a desktop computer are enclosed in a box known as the system unit. This contains an electronic board called the motherboard that holds and connects together the main electronic components. These are shown in the table below.

The motherboard usually has empty electronic connectors, called expansion slots, into which additional electronic boards (sometimes called expansion cards) can be plugged. This allows extra electronic components to be added. For example, more memory can be added by plugging memory boards (called SIMMS) into the memory slots.

Sound facilities can be added by plugging a sound card into an expansion slot. This is one way of upgrading a computer. Another way is to replace the motherboard with a newer and better one. The system unit usually also contains a small speaker (or loudspeaker), the power supply, and some storage devices. These often include: a hard disk drive with a fixed disk that can store a very large amount of data: a floppy disk drive that uses removable floppy disks (diskettes); a CD-ROM drive that is used for reading CD-ROM disks (particularly in multimedia computers). Some other devices may be included in the system unit but most input and output devices are plugged into the back of the system unit using connectors known as ports.

Power is a function of both speed and capacity. The power of a computer depends on the combination of all the components. When buying a computer, you can often choose between different components. In particular, you can choose between different processor speeds, amounts of memory and hard disk sizes.

Задание 2. Поставьте глагол в скобках в Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect

1. In his youth, he (be) lazy. 2. The children (make) so much noise that we couldn’t hear each other. 3. It (rain) when we got out. 4. When I called Frank, his mother told me that he (already/ leave). 5. A lot of people (die) in the Second World War. 6. My sister (buy) some new clothes last week. 7. He (smoke) his last cigarette two month ago. 8. Ken (be) in the army for ten years before he resigned and married. 9. He (break) his tooth when he (eat) his lunch. 10.  I (not/ do) anything special at the weekend. I (watch) TV.

Задание 3. Поставьте глагол в скобках в Future  Simple или Future Perfect

1. I (check) my home exercise tomorrow. 2. I (finish) a composition by 8 o’clock in the evening. 3. We (have) lunch by 3 o’clock and then we will go for a walk. 4. We (build) our country house next year. 5. The pupils of our class (visit) the Tretyakov Gallery next Sunday. 6. It is possible that by the year 2050 scientists (find) the remedy to cure cancer. 7. Kate (wash) up after the party. 8. Oleg thinks he (find) a prestigious job in future if he receives a good education. 9. The builders (build) the school by the 1^st of September.10.  I (finish) my work in an hour.

Задание 4. Переведите предложения в косвенную речь

1. Father: Don’t forget to write a letter. 2. Nick: You may ride my bike. 3. Mary: The weather is beautiful  today. 4. Mr Ford: You will have much work tomorrow. 5. Jane: I lost my keys and I don’t know what to do. 6. Mrs Hillary: I’d like to tell you one interesting thing. 7. Postman: There are no letters for you today. 8. Teacher: Who is on duty today? 9.  Salesgirl: I would recommend you these fresh cakes. 10 .  Taxi driver: Your hotel is not far from here.

Задание 5. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами, подходящими по смыслу.

1. ___you speak any foreign languages? 2. Liz___get tired of her job. It is so boring. 3. Although it contains many difficult words, I___read this book now. 4. Take an umbrella. It___rain later. 5. Jack___go to hospital yesterday. 6. You look tired. You___go to bed. 7. You___do it. I've already done it. 8. ___it be true? 9. ___we stay or leave? 10. Jane was so tired. She___have worked days and nights.

VARIANT 2

Задание 1. Почитайте и переведите текст. Составьте 5 вопросов по тексту

Types of computer

A computer is a device that takes in data, processes it according to a program, and then outputs the processed data in some form. There is an increasing variety of computers of different sizes and designed for different purposes. One of the most important considerations when buying a computer is deciding how it is going to be used.

Computers can be divided into three broad categories: mainframe computers (mainframes), minicomputers (minis), and microcomputers (micros). Mainframes are large, powerful, expensive computers that are operated by a team of professionals and are designed to be used by many people at the same time. The most powerful mainframes are sometimes called supercomputers. Minicomputers are really cut-down mainframes and are no longer very common.

The most common type of computer is the microcomputer. Microcomputers are sometimes called personal computers. The abbreviation PC was originally used for microcomputers produced by IBM Corporation, but it is now sometimes used for other types of personal computer. However, microcomputers produced by Apple Computers Incorporated are not normally referred to as PCs. There is a wide variety of microcomputers but two common types are desktop computers and portables. Desktops are small enough to sit on an office desk and are relatively cheap. They are becoming cheaper and more powerful and are often used for running multimedia programs, i.e. programs that contain some combination of text, sound, high quality graphics, animation, and video. Multimedia computers need to have a sound facility and usually have a CD-ROM drive.

There is an increasing variety of portable micros that can be grouped according to their size. They can usually be powered from batteries and are useful in many different situations. However, as computers get smaller, it becomes increasingly difficult to use them with a keyboard. One of the reasons that notebook portables are popular is because their screens and keyboards are just big enough to use comfortably for word processing. They can also be powerful enough to be used for multimedia. The relative size of some of the most common types of computers is indicated below, although there are other types that are not mentioned here and new types are currently being developed.

Задание 2. Поставьте глагол в скобках в Past Simple, Past Continuous, Past Perfect

1.She (lose) her umbrella on the train. 2. Nobody (know) Princess Diana completely. 3. When the performance (end), the audience went home. 4. I (not/ know) my grandmother.  5. She (die) when I was two years old. 6. While Sam (write) his letter, the telephone (ring). 7. Everybody (do) something when a new employee (come) in. 8. When we finally got to the airport, the plane (already/ take off). 9. She (always/ criticise) people when she was younger.

Задание 3. Поставьте глагол в скобках в Future  Simple или Future Continuous

1. We (have) a party next Sunday. 2. We (have) a party from seven to ten next Sunday. 3. I think I (read) a new article tomorrow. 4. He (work) from 8 to 9 p.m. on Saturday. 5. At this time tomorrow I (swim) in the river. 6. Jane (walk) in the park next weekend if the weather is good. 7. We (learn) English from 5 to 7 o’clock tomorrow. 8. I (do) my homework quickly and go for a walk. 9. I think I (do) my homework for half an hour.

Задание 4. Поставьте глагол в скобках в нужном времени, используя правила согласования времен в английском языке

1. I didn’t know that you already (read) this book. 2. He did it better than I (expect). 3. He said that the bus (be) here soon. 4. I think it all happened soon after the meeting (end). 5. They decided that they (bring) us all the necessary books. 6. He said that he (can) not do it without my help. 7. He asked the students whether they (solve) a problem. 8. It was decided that we (start) our work at eight o’clock. 9. I told you that I (leave) for Minsk on the following day. 10. The boy didn’t know that he already (receive) a good mark.

Задание 5. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами can, can’t, couldn’t, must, mustn’t, needn’t.

1. Excuse me … you help me? 2. I am sorry, but I … lend you the money. I am short of money myself. 3. Don’t drive so fast! You … drive faster than 30 miles an hour here! 4. Yesterday I … go to the doctor’s. I … go to school. 5. It is not an important meeting. You … come, if you … find the time. 6. It is getting late … you work a little faster? 7. It is not as late as you think. We … walk so fast. We … take our time. 8. If you want to pas your exams you … work harder. 9. Yesterday it was raining so we … play outside. I hope we … go outside tomorrow. 10. Where … I buy a pair of jeans like those? – You … buy them here in Britain. I bought these in the USA.

VARIANT 3

Задание 1. Почитайте и переведите текст. Составьте 5 вопросов по тексту

History of mobile phones

A mobile phone (also called mobile, cellular phone, cell phone, or hand phone) is an electronic device used for full duplex two-way radio telecom­munications over a cellular network of base stations known as cell sites. Mo­bile phones are sure to differ from cordless telephones, which only offer tel­ephone service within limited range through a single base station attached to a fixed landline, for example, within a home or an office.

Radiophones have a long and varied history. It goes back to Reginald Fessenden’s invention and shore-to-ship demonstration of radio telephony through the Second World War with military use of radio telephony links and civil services in the 1950s.

In 1960 the world’s first partly automatic car phone system, Mobile System A (MTA) was launched in Sweden. MTA phones were composed of vacuum tubes and relays, and had a weight of 40 kg. In 1962 a more modern version called Mobile System В (MTB) was launched. It was a push-button telephone, which used transistors in order to enhance the telephone’s calling capacity and improve its operational reliability. In 1971 the MTD version was launched, opening for several different brands of equipment and gaining commercial success.

The first commercially automated cellular network (the 1G — first gen­eration) was launched in Japan in 1979. Within five years the network had been expanded to cover the whole population of Japan and became the first nation-wide 1G network. This was followed by the simultaneous launch of the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. NMT appeared to be the first mobile phone network featuring international roaming. The first network technology on digital 2G (second generation) cellular technology appeared in Finland on the GSM standard. One of the newest 3G technologies to be implemented is mobile telephony communications protocol in the High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) family. It allows networks based on Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) to have higher data transfer speeds and capacity.

Задание 2. Поставьте глагол в скобках в нужном времени, соблюдая правила образования условных предложений

1. The trains all (stop)…………………….if it snowed heavily. 2. If you (go out)…………in cold weather without a coat, you would catch a cold. 3. If I saw a cheap second-hand car, I (buy)………..  it. 4. If you ate well and exercised regularly, you (live)……………to be 100 years old. 5. You would have a bad stomach if you (eat)……………too much of that cake. 6. If it (rain)………..this afternoon, I (take) ………………my umbrella. 7. If you didn’t drive carefully, you (have)…………….an accident. 8. If you (study)……………..for a higher qualification, you (get) …………. a better job next year. 9. If you sent the letter by first class mail, it (get) ………….there the following day.

Задание 3. Поставьте глагол в скобках в Future  Simple, Future Continuous, Future Perfect

1. We (have) a party next Sunday. 2. We (have) a party from seven to ten next Sunday. 3. I think I (read) a new article tomorrow. 4. He (work) from 8 to 9 p.m. on Saturday. 5. At this time tomorrow I (swim) in the river. 6. I (check) my home exercise tomorrow. 7. I (finish) a composition by 8 o’clock in the evening. 8. We (have) lunch by 3 o’clock and then we will go for a walk. 9. We (build) our country house next year. 10. The pupils of our class (visit) the Tretyakov Gallery next Sunday.

Задание 4. Поставьте глагол в скобках в нужном времени, используя правила согласования времен в английском языке

1. It was decided that we (start) our work at eight o’clock. 2. I told you that I (leave) for Minsk on the following day. 3.  The boy didn’t know that he already (receive) a good mark. 4.  He wanted to know what (become) of the books. 5. The visitors were told that the secretary just (go out) and (come back) in half an hour. 6.  He said we (may) keep the books. 7. We thought that she not (be able) to make his work in time and therefore (offer) to help her. 8.  When I came they (tell) me that he (leave) half an hour before. 9.  It was soon clear to the teacher that the control work (be) a difficult one. 10.  I decided that next year I (go) to see my old friend again. I not (see) him since he (go) to Moscow.

Задание 5. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами, подходящими по смыслу

1. We … cancel the meeting. The proposals are not ready yet. 2. Sorry I won’t be in Moscow at that time. I … go to Minsk. My parents will celebrate their fortieth wedding anniversary. 3. You … thank them. They have done so much for you. 4. The shop was losing money, so they … close down. 5. You … exercise every day to keep fit. 6. He is overworking. He really … go to bed earlier. 7. I have a splitting headache. I … take an aspirin. 8. I know you … do the job because you have knowledge and experience. 9. We told him he … go home. 10. You … drive carefully, it is foggy today.

VARIANT 4

Задание 1. Почитайте и переведите текст. Составьте 5 вопросов по тексту

Uses of radio

Today, radio takes many forms, including wireless networks, mobile communications of all types, as well as radio broadcasting. Aviation voice radios use VHF AM. Aircraft fly high enough that their transmitters can be received hundreds of miles away, even though they are using VHF. Marine voice radios can use AM in the shortwave High Frequency—3 MHz to 30 MHz. Government, police, fire and commercial voice services use narrowband FM on special frequencies. Civil and military HF (high frequency) voice services use shortwave radio to contact ships at sea, aircraft and isolated settlements.

Mobile phones transmit to a local cell site that ultimately connects to the public switched telephone network through an optic fiber or microwave radio and other network elements. When the mobile phone nears the edge of the cell site's radio coverage area, the central computer switches the phone to a new cell. Cell phones originally used FM, but now most use various digital modulation schemes. Satellite phones come in two types: INMARSAT and Iridium. Both types provide world-wide coverage. INMARSAT uses geosynchronous satellites, with aimed high-gain antennas on the vehicles. Iridium uses 66 Low Earth Orbit satellites as the cells.

Television sends the picture as AM and the sound as FM, with the sound carrier at fixed frequency (4.5 MHz in the NTSC system) away from the video carrier. Analog television also uses a vestigial sideband on the video carrier to reduce the bandwidth required.

Radio remote control use radio waves to transmit control data to a remote object as in some early forms of guided missile, some early TV remotes and a range of model boats, cars and airplanes. Large industrial remote-controlled equipment such as cranes and switching locomotives now usually use digital radio techniques to ensure safety and reliability.

Задание 2. Поставьте глагол в скобках в Present Simple, Present Continuous, Present Perfect

1. Every day July (take) the bus to go to her office. 2. At the moment you (do) an English exercise. 3. Tom and July (learn) English this year. 4. The Bank (open) at 9.30 every morning from Monday to Friday. 5. Our cousins (come) to see us next Sunday. 6. Om (read) the newspaper every morning on the train. 7. July usually (clean) the house on Sunday. 8. Doctors (cure – лечить) many deadly disease. 9. English (become) one of the most popular courses at the university. 10. I think I (see) that movie before.

Задание 3 Поставьте глагол в скобках в  Passive Voice

1. The bomb…(hear) 5 miles away. 2. The World Cup at football…(win) in 1982. 3. Robert Gibbs, the great plane robber…(arrest) the police yesterday. 4. It …(explain) to us how the accident had happened. 5. The Guinness Book of Records…(publish) in the 50’s. 6. The job …(offer) to Peggy. 7. I could not answer the questions I … (ask) at the interview last month. 8. My suitcase…(steal) from the hotel room. 9. We… (wake up) by the barking dog last night. 10. There is someone behind us. I think…(follow)

Задание 4. Поставьте глагол в скобках в нужном времени, используя правила согласования времен в английском языке

1. She asked me if I (enjoy) her dinner. 2. He said he (be) late that evening. 3. Our children said they (not/ like) school. 4.  Liz says she (see) the film. 5. She said that she (be) 20 years old the following Friday. 6. They said that they (never/ be) to Britain before. 7. He boasted that he (can) play different musical instrument. 8. Thomas told his wife that he (lose) his umbrella on the bus the day before. 9 . He asked me whether he (call) the doctor. 10.  The girl said that her name (be) Joan.

Задание 5. Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами  (must, should, would, ought to, have to, needn’t, can, could, may)

1. We … cancel the meeting. The proposals are not ready yet. 2. Sorry I won’t be in Moscow at that time. I … go to Minsk. My parents will celebrate their fortieth wedding anniversary. 3. You … thank them. They have done so much for you. 4. The shop was losing money, so they … close down. 5. You … exercise every day to keep fit. 6. He is overworking. He really … go to bed earlier. 7. I have a splitting headache. I … take an aspirin. 8. I know you … do the job because you have knowledge and experience. 9. We told him he … go home. 10. You … drive carefully, it is foggy today.